Sto Kioto ths Iapwvias to 1997 oi aveptugmeves xwres desmeuthkav va meiwsouv tis ekpompes rupwv pou evteivouv to faivomevo tou 8ermokhpiou kata toulaxistov 5% se sxesh me to 1990. Gia to skopo auto suveta3av eva prwtokollo to opoio paremeive ousiastika sta xartia epi tria xrovia. Sta telh tou fetivou Noembriou egive mia avtistoixh diaskeyh sth Xagh pou eprokeito va katalh3ei se eva teliko keimevo gia thv efarmogh tou prwtokollou tou Kioto, alla katelh3e opws htav fusiko, se diapragmateush avtikrouomevwv oikovomikwv sumferovtwv kai avazhthshs texvasmatwv gia va mhv meiw8ouv oi ekpompes rupwv kai allo8i gia th suvexeia ths moluvshs kai ths poreias tou plavhth pros thv katastrofh.
To kuriotero shmeio tribhs stis diapragmateuseis twv 180 xwrwv htav ta dash, kai oi duo megaloi poloi twv diapragmateusewv h Eurwpaikh Evwsh kai to legomevo ``gkroup ths omprelas'' (HPA, Iapwvia, Kavadas, N. Zhlavdia, Norbhgia, Islavdia.). To gkroup ths omprelas epixeirhmatologhse oti av futeyei dash ta opoia 8a aporrofouv eva orismevo pososto apo tous rupous, to pososto auto 8a prepei va afaire8ei apo to suvoliko pososto sto opoio desmeuovtai va meiwsouv tous rupous tous. Oi etaireies paragwghs evergeias dhladh tou gkroup ths omprelas me liga logia uperaspizovtav to va mporouv va futeuouv dash gia va exouv to dikaiwma va suvexisouv va moluvouv. Auto dev egive dekto apo thn Eurwpaikh Evwsh me apotelesma va mhv mporesouv va katalh3ouv se mia apofash kai va avavew8ei to ravtebou tous to Maio sto Maroko.
To poso ektos pragmatikothtas eivai h avtilhyh oti lush sto problhma 8a bre8ei se tetoies diaskeyeis apodeikvuouv oi legomevoi mhxavismoi eueli3ias. Oi mhxavismoi autoi eivai allo eva texvasma pou problepei to prwtokollo tou Kioto prokeimevou oi aveptugmeves xwres va mhv labouv pragmatika metra gia th meiwsh twv rupwv tous: av mia xwra kataferei va meiwsei tous rupous ths perissotero apī oso htav upoxrewmevh, mporei va poulhsei to epipleov pososto ths se allh xwra. Mia plousia xwra mporei dhladh va agorazei to dkaiwma va moluvei!
Sth Xagh, malista, parousiasthke kai eva diktuakos tropos mesw tou opoiou givetai agorapwlhsia dikaiwmatwv ekpomphs aeriwv tou faivomevou tou 8ermokhpiou. O diktuakos topos sth8hke me prwtoboulia ths etaireias price waterhouse coopers kai apeu8uvetai se kubervhseis kai etaireies oi opoies 8elouv va agorasouv to dikaiwma va moluvouv apo alles xwres pou mporouv va meiwsouv eukola tis ekpompes rupwv. Oi xwres autes eivai se metabatiko stadio osov afora thv oikovomia (xwres ths avatolikhs Eurwphs -prwhv E.S.S.D.) kai ws ek toutou suvtassovtai me to gkroup ths omprelas epi8umwvtas va poulhsouv pososta ekpomphs rupwv.
| O biomhxavikos borras exovtas to 1/4 tou pagkosmiou plh8usmou katavalwvei to 70% ths evergeias,to 85% tou 3ulou, to 60% ths trofhs. To xasma meta3u tou pio ftwxou kai tou pio plousio pemptou tou plavhth diplasiasthke meta3u tou 1960 kai tou 1989. |
To faivomevo tou 8ermokhpiou
To fetivo f8ivopwro elamye dia ths apousias. O Oktwbrhs kai Noembrhs emoiazav fetos me proektash tou zestou Septembrh mperdeuovtas futa kai zwa (louloudia av8izouv ligo priv ta Xristougevva, av8rwpoi prosballovtai pio eukola apo mikrobiakous orgavismous oi opoioi logw ths zesths au3avovtai, eidika se vhsiwtikes perioxes sav thv Ellada). To problhma eivai oti dev exoume va kavoume me eva peristasiako faivomevo alla me thv makroxrovia stadiakh avodo ths 8ermokrasias. H diakubervhtikh epitroph gia tis klimatologikes allages (IPCC) upologise oti h 8ermokrasia tou plavhth 8a au3h8ei apo 3 ews 6 ba8mous Kelsiou ta epomeva 100 xrovia. Par oti akougetai mikrh, h allagh auth eivai polu avhsuxhtikh av shmeiw8ei oti apaiteitai mia meiwsh ths 8ermokrasias ths ghs apo 3 ews 5 ba8mous Kelsiou gia va perasoume se mia vea epoxh twv pagetwvwv!
H au3hsh ths 8ermokrasias ofeiletai stis ekpompes aeriwv pou sumbalouv sto faivomevo tou 8ermokhpiou. Ta aeria auta ta opoia oloeva au3avovtai logw ths av8rwpivhs drasthriothtas eivai e3i: to dio3eidio tou av8raka (pou apeleu8erwvovtai sthv atmosfaira logw ths kaushs tou petrelaiou kai gaiav8raka kai apotelei ta duo trita tou suvolou twv aeriwv pou evteivouv to faivomevo tou 8ermokhpiou), to me8avio (pou apeleu8erwvetai apo petrelaiophges, xwmateres kai booeidh) to o3eidio tou azwtou (pou avaduetai apo tis biomhxavies kai tis sugkoivwvies) kai tria f8oridia (HFC,PFC,SF6 ta opoia xrhsimopoiouvtai sta yugeia, ta klimatistika, sta ka8aristika proiovta kai sthv paragwgh afrwv). Ta aeria auta sxhmatizouv eva kalumma to opoio pagideuei th 8ermothta tou hliou sthv atmosfaira me apotelesma tis klimatologikes allages.
Pera apo thv tash au3hsh ths 8ermokrasias ths epifaveias ths ghs exouv parathrh8ei allages stis broxoptwseis. Oi broxes se perioxes tou boreiou hmisfairiou exouv evta8ei, evw avti8eta apo th dekaetia tou 60 parathreitai vai stadiakh meiwsh twv broxoptwsewv se tropikes kai upotropikes perioxes. Epipleov ta teleutaia 100 xrovia exei avebei h sta8mh ths 8alassas ws kai eva metro, ws to 2100 ev merei logw tou liwsimatos twv pagwv twv polwv kai ev merei logw ths diastolhs tou ogkou tou verou e3aitias ths au3hshs ths 8ermokrasias tou. Etsi polles para8alassies perioxes 8a kivduveusouv me katastrofh apo tis plhmmures kai th diabrwsh evw parallhla, udativa apo8emata avamevetai va givouv akatallhla gia xrhsh, afou h avodos ths sta8mhs ths 8alassas 8a odhghsei sthv au3hmevh dieisdush almurou verou se potamous.